SENTENCE TRANSFORM 1

SENTENCE TRANSFORM

Number 1
Choose the sentence of the same meaning.

1. Even though it had been snowing all day, a great many people managed to get to the end-of-term concert.
A. Very few people indeed were prevented from getting to the end-of-term concert by the heavy snow.
B. Since there had been snow all day long, it wasn't easy for people to get to the end-of-term concert.
C. As it had been snowing heavily all day, a great many people just could not get to the end-of-term concert.
D. A lot of people did get to the end-of-term concert in spite of the snow that fell all day.
2. If there hadn't been such a strong wind, it would not have been so difficult to put out the fire.
A. It was the strong wind which made it difficult for us to put out the fire.
B. When the strong wind began to blow, it was even more difficult to control the fire.
C. If the wind hadn't been so strong, it would have been much easier to put out the fire.
D. As the wind was really very strong, it took them a long time to put out the fire.
3. This material is suitable for students of eighteen years and up.
A. Students of eighteen years and over can use this material.
B. The material is suitable for students who are over eighteen.
C. The material may be suitable for students of over eighteen years of age.
D. Only 18-year-old students will find this material suitable.
4. I couldn't help admiring the way he managed to finish the programme even after such a bad fall.
A. In spite of the fall, he should have finished the programme and we could have admired him for that.
B. It was really a very bad fall, but somehow he was still able to finish the programme and I had to admire him for that.
C. The way he finished the programme was certainly admirable, as the fall had mshaken him up badly.
D. I really admire the way he got up after the fall and completed the programme.
5. Everyone in our class is doing something at the end-of-term concert, but Mary alone is staying away.
A. Mary is the only one in our class who isn't taking part in the end-of-term concert.
B. No one in class but Mary, is taking part in the end-of-term concert.
C. Everyone in Mary's class hopes to do something at the end-of-term concert.
D. The class wants Mary to play in the concert at the end-of-term, but she won't.
6. I have read nearly all of Dickens's novels, and A Tale of Two Cities is my favourite.
A. In my opinion, A Tale of Two Cities is quite the best of all the novels by Dickens.
B. Of all the novels by Dickens that I have read, and that's most of them, A Tale of Two Cities remains my favourite.
C. I've read a lot more novels by Dickens and still think A Tale of Two Cities is the best.
D. I've read a great many novels, but haven't enjoyed any as much as Dickens's A Tale of Two Cities.

7. I wasn't early enough to find anyone at home awake.
A. I didn't expect to find anyone awake when I got home.
B. When I got home, I found everyone awake, waiting for me.
C. When I got home late, I used to find my family sleeping.
D. By the time I arrived home, everyone had gone to sleep.
8. I'd have worn the right shoes if I'd known we were going to do all this climbing.
A. I'd have gone on the climb if I'd been wearing the right shoes.
B. If only I's been wearing suitable shoes, I would have enjoyed the climb.
C. As I didn't realize there was going to be so much climbing, I didn't come in suitable shoes.
D. I didn't realize that these shoes weren't right for climbing in.
9. By modern standards, the first supermarkets were really quite small.
A. Compared with what we have now, the early supermarkets weren't actually very large at all.
B. The early supermarkets and the present-day ones are quite different from each other, even in size.
C. Present-day supermarkets are on the whole larger than the early ones.
D. Supermarkets have grown in size since they were first introduced, but their standards remain the same.
10. I just can't understand why so few people are interested in this camping holiday.
A. I find it surprising that there aren't fewer people interested in such a camping holiday.
B. Hardly anyone wants to go on this camping holiday, whi ch I find strange.
C. It's hardly surprising that so few people are interested in this camping holiday.
D. To my surprise almost no one was interested in such a camping holiday.


Number 2
Choose the sentence of the same meaning.

1. Let's go shopping sometime mid-week, it gets so crowded at the weekends.
A. I always like to shop mid-week as everywhere is so crowded at weekends.
B. I find it impossible to shop at weekends because there are so many people everywhere.
C. I suggest we avoid the weekend and do our shopping in the middle of the week when it's quieter.
D. The best time to go shopping is midweek when it is usually reasonably quiet.
2. You can rely on Pat to give you any help you may need.
A. If you need help of any kind , be sure to let Pat know.
B. Let Pat know if you need any help with this.
C. Pat is the one to ask if you find you require any assistance.
D. Should you require any assistance, you can count on Pat for it.
3. Mary felt quite certain that her sister would stand by her, but in the end she didn't.
A. Mary had hoped that her sister would come to her aid, but she never did.
B. Mary didn't expect her own sister to let her down like that.
C. mary was confident that she would have her sister's support, but as it turned out she let her down.
D. It came as a terrible shock to Mary when her own sister turned against her like that.
4. Our system is that the losing side pays for the hire of the basketball court.
A. If our side loses, then we will have to pay for the hire of the basketball court.
B. With us it's the winners, not the losers who have to pay for the hire of the basketball court.
C. The losers obviously expect the winning side to pay for the hire of the basketball court.
D. The way we do it is, whichever side loses, that side pays for the hire of the basketball court.
5. We were going to take a holiday in Haiti, and had already booked our flight.
A. Our flight to Haiti was cancelled, so the holiday we had booked went to waste.
B. We had planned a vacation in Haiti and had even made our flight arrangements.
C. We couldn't go to Haiti in the end because we forgot to make arrangements for the flight in advance.
D. We decided against a holiday in haiti in spite of having paid for our plane tickets.
6. No one but the experts was able to realize that the apinting was an imitation, as it greatly resembled the original.
A. It wa obvious that only a person with great talent could fake a painting so successfully.
B. It was hard for ordinary people to judge between the fake painting and the real one, but not for the experts.
C. It was almost impossible for amateurs to realize that the painting was not authentic, though the experts could judge it quite easily.
D. The painting looked so much like the authentic one that only the experts could tell it wasn't genuine.

7. You could not have made a very good impression on them.
A. You seem to have impressed them very unfavourably.
B. It's impossible that the effect you made on them was particularly positive.
C. Something appears to have made them think you are unsuitable.
D. You should have tried harder to make them think well of you.
8. No sooner had Marion begun her new job than she knew she had made a mistake.
A. As soon as Marion started working, she realized that her decision had not been a good one.
B. Had Marion not just begun a new job, she would have gone looking for a better one.
C. Just before Marion took up her new post, she realized that she was not suited for it.
D. Since Marion did not like her new job, she began looking for one more suitable to her.
9. In spite of feeling confident about her university entrance exams, Jane did very poorly.
A. Jane should have done better than she actually did on her university entrance exams.
B. Jane's confidence in her ability to pass her university entrance exams was not justified by her results.
C. Jane was sure that she would do well when she took her university entrance exams, and indeed her results were quite good.
D. Jane failed her university entrance exams despite being especially well-prepared.
10. Diesel fuel is normally a petroleum product, but good quality diesel fuel can be synthesized from vegetable oil and alcohol.
A. Whereas most diesel fuel si derived from petroleum, alcohol and oil from vegetables can also be used to produce a fine diesel fuel.
B. Artificial diesel fuel made from vegetable oil and alcohol is not as good as petroleum-based diesel fuel.
C. It might be possible to make a suitable for petroleum-based diesel fuel by using vegetable oil and alcohol.
D. There is no difference between natural diesel fuel made from petroleum and the artificial kind made from alcohol and vegetable oil.
Number 3
Choose the sentence of the same meaning.

1. Although I do not claim to be much good at it, I enjoy playing basketball in my free time.
A. If only I were better at it, I would have more fun playing basketball.
B. I have a lot of fun playing basketball in my spare time despite not being able to describe myself as a very skillful player.
C. I'm sure I would enjoy playing basketball much more if I could play it.
D. I quite enjoy playing basketball in my free time, Probably because I am actually quite good at it.
2. Sean, a distant acquaintance of mine, has recently had his first novel accepted for publication.
A. I have a good friend named Sean who is a successful novelist.
B. Sean, a friend of mine, had his first novel published not long ago.
C. The first novel of Sean's, whom I know only distantly, was agreed to be published a short time ago.
D. Sean used his acquaintance with me to help him get his first novel published.
3. I envy Jack, as he seems to accomplish everything so effortlessly.
A. I wish I could get things done as easily as Jack does.
B. Jack makes everything look easy which is not the case for me at all.
C. I am envious of Jack since he has accomplished so much.
D. I'm jealous of Jack because he seems to have everything easy.
4. The new restaurant looks good, yet it seems to have few customers.
A. In order to get more business, the new restaurant should improve its appearance.
B. The new reataurant would have more customers if it looked better.
C. If it had a few more customers, the new restaurant would look better.
D. In spite of its appearance, the new restaurant does not appear to attract much business.
5. Laurence has hardly worked since he graduated from university three years ago.
A. Laurence has been working hard for the past three years since graduating from university.
B. If Laurence had worked harder in university, he would have found work after he graduated three years ago.
C. Laurence has done very little work during the three years since he graduated from university.
D. It has been hard for Laurence to find work since three years ago, when he graduated from university.
6. No one without a good knowledge of English has much chance of succeeding in international finance.
A. Ability in English is almost essential to success in the field of global finance.
B. Without a good knowledge of English and international finance, you are a nobody.
C. Even an exceptional knowledge of English is not enough to assure success in international finance.
D. If you want to go into international finance, it would be a good idea to learn English.

7. Mary should never have been allowed to try to swim in the sea alone.
A. When Mary left to swim in the sea alone, she said she knew what she was doing.
B. It would probably be wrong to let Mary swim in the sea on her own.
C. No one could have stopped Mary from trying to swim in the sea by herself.
D. Someone ought to have stopped Mary from attempting to swim in the sea on her own.
8. Due to the heavy snow, all buses have been cancelled until further notice.
A. If it weren't for the heavy snow, you would notice how much further the bus had to go.
B. The buses would not have been cancelled if only it had not snowed so much.
C. Snow has caused the buses to stop running, though there will be an announcement of when they will start up again.
D. If this snow keeps up, there will be an announcement to declare that the buses will no longer run.
9. Having gone to sleep early, she was well rested for her exam the next day.
A. As part of her preparation for her exam, she went to bed at a particularly early hour the night before.
B. As she had not stayed up late the night before her exam, she got a good amount of sleep to prepare her for the next day's exam.
C. She should have made sure to get more sleep before her exam the following day.
D. Had she gone to bed earlier, she would have been better rested for her exam the following day.
10. As long as you stay calm, you have nothing to fear from the interview.
A. You have remained calm for a long time in spite of your fear of the interview.
B. Interviews are only intimidating for people who are not extremely calm.
C. Provided you do not get nervous, the interview won't go badly for you.
D. Even if you are afraid of the interview, it is important not to let it show.

Number 4
Choose the sentence of the same meaning.

1. No matter how hard he tried, Mike could not make sense of his economics textbook.
A. If Mike had studied harder, he would have been able to comprehend what was in his economics textbook.
B. In spite of his efforts, Mike was unable to understand the contents of his economics textbook.
C. Mike could not understand his economics textbook because he hardly tried to at all.
D. It was impossible for Mike to understand his ecnomics textbook without making a great effort.
2. It's more than a couple of years since I last went there.
A. I have never stayed there for longer than two years.
B. It was only after two years that I went there again.
C. I haven't been there since my visit over two years ago.
D. I had never been there until the year before last.
3. He never sings except when he's taking a shower in the morning.
A. It is very rare to hear him singing out of the shower in the morning.
B. Unless he is taking a shower in the morning, it is impossible to hear him singing.
C. He thinks that singing when you take a shower is a very common occurrence.
D. Whenever he goes into the bathroom for a shower, he starts to sing.
4. In spite of the recent improvements in the political situation, Nigeria still has a long way to go before it returns to full democracy.
A. Although the political situation in Nigeria has never appeared more hopeless, there are still somew people who long for a return to full democracy.
B. Following recent developments for the better, Nigeria now looks poised for a return to democracy in the near future.
C. The political situation in Nigeria has been so bad recently that a return to full democracy appears to be hopeless.
D. Nigeria's government has changed for the better recently, but they still have a lot to do before complete democracy is achieved.
5. So far during their stay at this hotel, that couple have done nothing but complain.
A. All that couple have done since they arrived at this hotel is complain.
B. Throughout their time at this hetel, that couple have had no complaints.
C. Up until now, that couple haven't had anything to complain about at this hotel.
D. Since they got to this hotel, nothing has caused that couple to complain.
6. I get the impression that it will take some time for the family to overcome their grief.
A. Apparently, the family have taken a very long time to deal with their sorrow.
B. It appears to me that the family will take some time before they are able to cope with their sorrow.
C. As far as I can see, the family have been suffering now for quite some time.
D. The only thing that will heal this family's suffering, as we can all see, is time.
7. It was only after she had overcome her shyness that she started to make some friends.
A. Until she overcame it, her shyness had prevented her from making friends with anyone.
B. As her shyness gradually decreased, more people wanted to be friends with her.
C. Before becoming less shy, nobody had wanted to be friends with her.
D. Her ability to make friends helped her to overcome her shyness.
8. Since the 1960s, water pollution has increased, leading to a reduction in the number of fish species.
A. Despite sea pollution dating back to the 1960s, the number of fish in the seas has increased.
B. There was a sharp decrease in the number of fish because of a sudden rise in sea pollution in the 1960s.
C. Sea water was cleaner and there were more varieties of fish before the 1960s.
D. The drop in the number of fish in the sea is directly connected with the increase in sea pollution.
9. He allowed hsi garden to become overrun with weeds during the time that he was focusing on growing his business.
A. He didn't notice that his garden needed weeding because he was too busy concentrating on his business.
B. When building a business up, it is easy to become tied down with work and neglect domestic chores such as weeding the garden.
C. He shouldn't have left his garden unattended while he tried to expand his company.
D. While concentrating on expanding his company, he let his garden become overgrown with weeds.
10. He should have been writing his research paper, not playing games on his Playstation.
A. He knew he ought to write his research paper, yet he still spent some time playing games on his Playstation.
B. He would much rather have been playing games on his Playstation than writing his research paper.
C. He was playing on his Playstation when he was supposed to be writing his research paper.
D. He could have been playing a game on his Playstation, rather than writing his research paper.
Number 5
Choose the sentence of the same meaning.

1. By the time I had got up the courage to ask her to marry me, she was engaged to somebody else.
A. At the moment I felt brave enough to propose to her, I learnt that she had already promised to marry another man.
B. Before I felt brave enough to propose her, she had agreed to marry another man.
C. Just when I asked her to marry me, she accepted an engagement to another man.
D. I offered her a proposal of marriage, but she said she was already engaged to someone else.
2. Unless they comply with the rules, they won't be allowed back into the club.
A. As long as they refuse to behave, it doesn't seem possible for them to be accepted into the club.
B. They can go to the club once more, but only if they obey the rules.
C. They can't enter the club because they have violated the rules.
D. They can only enter the club again if they behave in accordance with the rules.
3. You're not obliged to sign the contract now, but a delay may mean losing the position.
A. The company is offering the contract, would like you to think carefully before signing the document.
B. The job will certainly be given to somebody less hesitant if you do not sign at once.
C. You do not have to sign the contract immediately, but the company doesn't promise to reserve the job for you.
D. You must wait before signing a contract even if you feel you should accept employment straight away.
4. When he returned home years later, with so many changes to the house, he was barely to recognize it.
A. he found it hard to identify the house after his long absence as it did not look the same at all.
B. He completely changed the appearance of his house a few years after he came home.
C. As it looked totally different, he couldn't find his old house when he went back to visit.
D. Because he was unfamiliar with the area, it was difficult for him to locate his old home.
5. From the look on your face, I'm sure this is the first time you've eaten Indian food.
A. The expression on your face makes it clear that you'll never eat Indian food again.
B. I don't think you like Indian food as there is a strange look on your face.
C. What I understand from the look on your face is that this won't be the last time you eat Indian food.
D. You can't have tried Indian food before, as far as I can gather from the expression on your face.
6. You could have been more tactful to her when you broke the news of her dismissal from work.
A. How you broke the news to her did not matter so much, as being dismissed from work would upset her anyway.
B. The way you informed her about her dismissal from work needn't have been so direct.
C. Since you were careful about the way you informed her, she wasn't really hurt because of her dismissal from work.
D. She wouldn't have been so upset if you have been more tactful when infroming her about her being dismissed.
7. Everybody believes that he shouldn't have trusted the people around him so much.
A. He was so credulous that all the people around him could easily deceive him.
B. He now admits that some of the people around him didn't deserve to be trusted at all.
C. Nobody thinks that any of the people around him are honest enough to be trusted.
D. The general opinion is that he made a mistake by having so much faith in the people around him.
8. The government couldn't have passed this law without the support of several members from the opposition.
A. Only a few members from the opposition supported the law, so the government couldn't pass it.
B. I don't believe that the government will be able to pass this law if some members from the opposition don't back it.
C. The government was only able to pass this law because some members from the opposition backed it.
D. The government managed to pass the law even without the support of any members from the opposition.
9. He needn't have hurried as the meeting didn't start until quite a while after the time for which it had been planned.
A. The meeting started rather later than scheduled, so it wasn't necessary for him to hurry.
B. There was no need for him to hurry because he had plenty of time before the scheduled time of the meeting.
C. He didn't need to hurry as he already knew that the meeting wouldn't start as scheduled.
D. He wouldn't have arrived at the meeting on time if he hadn't hurried.
10. I'd suggest that we avoid telling any scary stories with Janet around, since she's a bit unstable and could get hysterical.
A. Janet has trouble keeping her emotions under control, especially when she is told frightening stories.
B. Since Janet is somewhat unbalanced, the only way to make her laugh is by telling stories, but we should avoid scary ones as they might cause her to panic.
C. It is no fun to tell frightening stories to Janet, who is not very stable mentally, because she only laughs instead of getting scared.
D. Janet is somewhat mentally unbalanced and might easily become uncontrollably emotional, so let'e not tell frightening stories in her presence.

Number 6
Choose the sentence of the same meaning.

1. He might have forgotten the place you'd arranged to meet at.
A. Perhaps he didn't remember where you were going to meet.
B. You planned to meet him at a place that he'd forgotten about.
C. He didn't remember meeting you at that place.
D. He couldn't remember where the meeting place was.
2. Ian has no intention of coming to the party, so we may as well not invite him.
A. None of us wants Ian to be at the party, so we aren't inviting him.
B. Let's not invite Ian to the party unless he promises to come.
C. As he doesn't mean to come away, we needn't ask Ian to the party.
D. Because he never wants to come, we never ask Ian to parties with us.
3. The holiday might have been cheaper, but at least we were fortunate with the weather.
A. We didn't realize the holiday would be so cheap, and the climate was nice, too.
B. We can be thankful that the weather was good, although the holiday was a little expensive.
C. The holiday should have been less expensive as we hardly had any nice weather.
D. Despite the favourable weather, we still paid too much for the holiday.
4. The fire must have been started on purpose; otherwise, it couldn't have caused so much damage.
A. The fire might have been very serious if nobody had tried to prevent it.
B. If someone were to start a fire there, it could prove highly damaging.
C. No one can say for sure how the fire broke out, but the harm it did is obvious.
D. Seeing that it destryed so many things, the fire can't have been accidental.
5. I have almost no doubt that the mail will have been delivered to us by three o'clock this afternoon.
A. The post might be here by three o'clock this afternoon, though I very much doubt it.
B. Without doubt, the letters are going to be posted before three o'clock today.
C. I'm pretty sure that we will have got the mail at or before three o'clock today.
D. I want to make sure that the mail is delivered today no later than 3 p.m.
6. Unless the problem is corrected immediately, it will only continue to get worse.
A. Although the crisis has been addressed, things have not begun to get better as yet.
B. The situation is bound to deteriorate even more if it is not rectified without delay.
C. We're only causing more problems by allowing the crisis to grow and get out of hand.
D. The fact that the problem seems to be getting worse suggests that it was identified incorrectly.
7. For an allergic person, a bee-sting can be very serious, often resulting in a severe reaction or even death.
A. Allergies to bee-stings usually result in the death of the person stung, but sometimes they survive.
B. Bees can cause extreme allergies in people, some of whom may even die as a result.
C. A person who is allergic to bees might get very ill and can possibly die if stung.
D. It's hardly possible for one who is allergic to bees to survive a sting.
8. Whole populations of Australia's natives were wiped out in order that civilization could advance.
A. To allow for the expansion of civilization, entire groups of Australia's aboriginal people were killed.
B. The growth of civilization in Australia couldn't have been achieved without the ethnic cleansing of the entire continent.
C. The existence of Australia's natives was the biggest obstacle in the effort to advance the modern way of life.
D. If the native Australians had not been exterminated, there would be no civilization on the continent today.
9. In England, as in Turkey, many surnames are derived from the skills and professions of ancestors.
A. Most sons in England, as in Turkey, are named after their father's profession.
B. Surnames in England can often be traced back to the skills and professions of ancestors, as is also the case in Turkey.
C. Surnames in most countries, including England and Turkey, are based on the names of former skills and professions.
D. Many skills or professions in both England and Turkey are named after the surnames of the ancestors who carried them out.
10. No one under 18 is allowed in the club, and you will be no exception.
A. The club is only for people over 18, so you might not be allowed in.
B. If you are over 18, then it is legal for you to go into the club.
C. No one in the club is under 18, but you are an exception.
D. The rule that those under 18 are forbidden from entering the club is applicable to you, too.
Number 7
Choose the sentence of the same meaning.

1. Due to unforeseen circumstances, our group's scheduled visit to the museum has been called off.
A. The trip to the museum that we'd planned is now cancelled because something unexpected has happened.
B. Something happened at the museum, so they cancelled our visit.
C. We are no longer going to the museum because there is no time on our schedule.
D. We cannot go to see the museum at the arranged time because it will be closed.
2. The level of unemployment in this district is said to be far higher than anywhere else in the country.
A. This area is worse than the rest of the country, especially in terms of the quality of work that gets done.
B. People believe that the lack of work is not so keen in the rest of the country as it is in this area.
C. People talk about losing their jobs much more around here than elsewhere in the country.
D. Because of its position, this region has fewer jobs on offer than other places in the country.
3. Although she said otherwise, I felt certain that she'd been offended by my remark.
A. Even though my remark was offensive, she assured me that it hadn't bothered her.
B. I was sure my words had caused her no offence; otherwise, she'd have told me.
C. I was in no doubt, because of her later attitude to me, that she was insulted by my comment.
D. I was convinced that she'd taken my comment as an insult despite her claim to the contrary.
4. Only by staying in the city for at least a week, wouls it be possible for one to see all the sites.
A. If you wanted to look at all the sites in the city, you would need to be there not less than a week.
B. A week at the most was enough to visit all the sites in the city.
C. You should extend your stay here for another week if you want to see all the sites in the city.
D. Even though you may stay there longer, it only needs a week to see all the attractions.
5. We can't speak of our economy as healthy when there is a widening gap between the rich and the poor.
A. Our economy is improving, so there will be less difficult between the rich and the poor.
B. If our economy were better handled, there would be less fo a gap between the rich and the poor.
C. Our economy can't be called healthy as long as the rich are getting richer and the poor poorer.
D. It is possible that our economy is in good shape, but many people are still poor.
6. A qurter of all bird species in the world are known to have become extinct during the past two hundred years.
A. It has been acknowledge that one-fourth of all bird species have ceased to exist over the last two centuries.
B. It is estimated that one-fourth of all bird species will become extinct within the next two centuries.
C. It is known that two centuries ago the number of birds living on the earth was 25% greater than it is today.
D. We are likely to cause the extinction of one-fourth of all bird species during the next two hundred years.
7. Tom Higdon was dismissed from his job as a teacher 10 1911 for sugesting that the children of farm workers should be educated.
A. After being fired from his teaching position in 1911, Tom Higdon suggested that the children of farm workers ought to be educated.
B. Tom Higdon's suggestions in 1911 that the children of farm workers didn't deserve to be educated led to his dismissal.
C. In 1911, the teacher Tom Higdon was fired because he proposed that farm workers' children be educated.
D. In 1911, Tom Higdon was fired from his post as a teacher for teaching the children of farm workers, who shouldn't have been educated.
8. As the city grew industrially, more and more immigrants were attracted to the newly-created jobs.
A. The number of citizens in the city remained very low as long as there was a limited amount of industrial work available.
B. The more the city's industry grew, making new jobs available, the more immigrants arrived to fill them.
C. The city drew in a lot of immigrants, although industry grew only slowly and thus job vacancies were scarce.
D. While industry was increasing, there was also a growing need for immigrants to work in the newly-created jobs.
9. There is little pleasure to be gained from a gift given unwillingly.
A. More enjoyment can be found in giving a present than in receiving it.
B. Presents should only be given if you think it'll make the receiver happy.
C. You will certainly not enjoy giving a present to a person you don't like.
D. Unless a present is given freely, it won't bring much happiness.
10. Should you choose not to continue with your education, we will still support you.
A. We would be willing to support you if you needed help with your studies.
B. If you don't carry on with your education, we'll be unable to help you.
C. We are prepared to stand by you even if you decide to give up your education.
D. Even though you've stopped studying, we still have confidence in you.

Number 8
Choose the sentence of the same meaning.

1. The link between smoking and cancer had never been acknowledged before that research.
A. The results of that research represented the first time anyone had acknowledged the link between smoking and cancer.
B. Despite extensive research, the connection between smoking and cancer hadn't yet been proved.
C. The connection between smoking and cancer hasn't been acknowledged yet, and requires plenty of further research.
D. No one has yet fully accepted that there is any connection between smoking and cancer.
2. In general, restaurants with a good view charge very high prices even if they don't serve good food.
A. The view from the restaurant is wonderful, but the food they serve isn't as good.
B. Whether the food they serve is good or not, dining at scenic restaurants is usually very expensive.
C. People don't mind paying large bills at scenic restaurants, as they know they're paying for the view as well.
D. If a restaurant has a good view, generally it is the view that attracts customers, not the food served there.
3. Unless I phone and tell you otherwise, I'll be waiting at the cinema tonight.
A. I'll only call to inform you if I can't make it to the cinema tonight.
B. I'll be at the cinema tonight, but I'll telephone you to finalize details.
C. I will only be at the cinema if I tell you for certain over the phone.
D. As soon as I arrive there, I'll phone from the cinema and let you know.
4. I've booked a table for eight in case you should change your mind and decide to join us.
A. You can change your mind and decide to join us, if you wish, as I can always change our booking to a table for eight.
B. If you change your mind and join us for dinner, let me know as we'll have to arrange a table for eight then.
C. So that we have a large enough table if you decide to join us after all, I've reserved one for eight people.
D. There'll eight people, including you, so I should reserve a table for eight if you have decided to join us.
5. We narrowly avoided an accident with a coach by managing to stop quickly.
A. If the coach hadn't stopped so suddenly, we wouldn't have had the accident.
B. The gap we had left between us and the coach was too narrow to avoid an accident.
C. It was such a narrow road that we nearly had an accident with a coach.
D. We would have had a collision with a coach if we hadn't come to a stop so swiftly.
6. Whether you like it or not, my aunt is coming to stay for the next two weeks.
A. I wonder if you'd mind if my aunt came here to stay for the following two weeks.
B. My aunt be staying for the next fortnight, regardless of your feelings in the matter.
C. If it doesn't bother you too much, my aunt would like to stay here for the next two weeks.
D. I don't know if you'll likeher or not, but my aunt is going to stay for the next couple of weeks.
7. I'm not sure whether I can make it for the start of the meeting, so you don't have to wait for me.
A. You had better hold the meeting without me as I won't be able to attend it at that hour.
B. The meeting ought to open at the scheduled hour regardless of my being delayed.
C. I certainly won't be there for the beginning of the meeting, but I'll try to join you later.
D. You can start the meeting without me as I may not be able to get there for the beginning of it.
8. They can't have been told the news, or they would have rung us immediately.
A. They couldn't tell us what had happened, although we talked on the phone.
B. In spite of the fact that they phoned us as soon as possible, we weren't able to give them the news.
C. As they haven't called us, we can assume that they don't know what's happened.
D. They probably didn't phone us because they didn't want to tell anyone what happened.
9. Without the necessary equipment and expertise, rock clinbing is a very dangerous activity.
A. Rock climbing is only safe if you have an expert climbing with you.
B. It is illegal to go rock climbing if you don't know enough about the sport.
C. Sports such as rock climbing need a lot of expensive materials and training.
D. Rock climbing is not safe unless you have the right tools and enough knowledge.
10. We're still hesitating about which school our son ought to go to.
A. We haven't yet decided where we should send our son to school.
B. We won't send our son to any school unless we are certain that it is the one we want.
C. We are not sure whether we should let our son choose a school for himself.
D. We had great difficulty deciding upon which school our son should attend.

Number 9
Choose the sentence of the same meaning.

1. We weren't entirely convinced, in spite of explanation, that his action hadn't been deliberate.
A. He tried to explain the exact reason why he'd acted like that although he knew that we wouldn't believe him.
B. Even after he explained, we still had some doubts about whether he'd acted unintentionally.
C. His explanation was not sufficiently convincing to make all of us change our minds about his action.
D. We were sure that he'd intended to do what he actually did, so his explanation was quite unnecessary.
2. Just which one of the two witnesses is telling the truth about the situation is unclear.
A. People believe that both of the two witnesses could, in fact, be lying.
B. It is hard to tell whether the two witnesses are telling the truth or lying.
C. Of the two witnesses, it is uncertain whose account of the event is truthful.
D. It is likely that neither witness is giving us a truthful account of the situation.
3. It's impossible to escapw from America completely as its culture has spread to every comer of the globe.
A. Many people have tried to run away from America but find that they can't because there are Americans on every corner.
B. Wherever you go, you will encounter some aspects of American culture, so there's no way to get away from the country entirely.
C. If you want to travel round the world and see different cultures, you may be disappointed as every place has become Americanized.
D. American culture has been so successful that it's spread all over the world and no place can avoid being influenced by it.
4. Whereas Janet had thought the storm would be over in a short time, in fact, it went on for several hours.
A. Janet hadn't thought that the storm would arrive at such great speed, but it did.
B. Even after the storm was over, the bad weather continued for many hours, as Janet expected.
C. The storm continued for quite a while, contrary to what Janet had expected.
D. For several hours, Janet had to wait where she was until the storm was completely over.
5. Essentially, there are two ways of solving this problem, but the question is: which one will provide the ideal solution for us?
A. While we basically have two ways to solve the problem, we should decide on the one offering a better result.
B. It is essential that we solve this problem one way or another, so let's choose one way and start.
C. Whether this problem can be fundamentally solved in one of the two available ways is questionable.
D. We must question the solution to this problem, or we may regret it later if we find we haven't taken the right step.
6. What began as a pleasant hike ended up being a fight for survival.
A. The fight that nearly cost them their lives was initiated during a hike in the woods.
B. They started the day hiking together and finished it trying to kill one another.
C. Though they had planned to spend the day walking, they ended it with a nasty fight.
D. It started as an enjoyable walk in the country, but resulted in a nearly fatal situation.
7. I've been through this kind of weather before, and I think we should take shelter.
A. Though the weather is good, we need a roof over our heads for the night.
B. Experience has taught me that in such weather, we had better look for a safe place.
C. I know that the weather will get worse, and we have nowhere to take shelter.
D. Since we can't do much in this weather, we should just go back into the house.
8. Regardless of Bob's opinion in this matter, I think I've done the right thing.
A. I'm sure I have acted correctly in this instance, whatever Bob may think.
B. I've thought about Bob's views on this issue, but I think I'll do as I want.
C. Until Bob told me I was wrong, I thought I was right about this issue.
D. My opinion that Bob had done the wrong thing in this case turned out to be right.
9. Though he said he would be in touch, he has neither phoned nor sent me an email.
A. Both the phone and the email have been out of order, so he could not contact me.
B. He writes the most touching email messages I have ever read, though he never phones.
C. From his promise, I'd have expected a phone call or an email from him, but I haven't got either.
D. Nothing in either his phone messages or his emails has really touched upon the main point.
10. My mother has told me not to accept lifts from strangers whatever the reason.
A. My mother criticizes me severely whenever I get a lift from someone I don't know.
B. According to my mother, there is no reason for me to ask people I don't know for lifts.
C. Unless I have a good reason, my mother says I shouldn't drive anywhere with a stranger.
D. I've been advised by my mother that I must never get into a car driven by someone I don't know.

Number 10
Choose the sentence of the same meaning.

1. "I'm afraid we haven't received the results of your tests yet," said the doctor to her patient.
A. The doctor apologized to her patient about not yet having got the results of his tests.
B. The doctor told her patient not to be frightened of receiving the results of his tests.
C. The doctor said she was afraid of receiving the results of her patient's tests.
D. The patient understood that the doctor had some fears about getting the results of his tests.
2. He wanted to know if there was anything he could do to help.
A. He asked us what he should do to assist us.
B. If there were any way in which he could aid us, we'd tell him.
C. He said he could have done something if hw had known we needed help.
D. He was wondering whether his assistance was needed at all.
3. His response to being told he was terminally ill was the most courageous I have ever seen.
A. I have never seen anyone react more bravely than him to being informed that he would die because of his illness.
B. He tried hard to appear brave as he replied to the doctors after being told he had a serious disease.
C. The doctors told him to be brave about his terminal illness and he replied that he would try to do his best.
D. As far as I know, he was never more courageous than when he was told that he was terminally ill.
4. He had said he was only coming for a short visit, but by the time he left, he had been staying for six months.
A. In contrst to what he had told us initially, he has been staying with us for six months now.
B. Although he'd informed us that his visit would be short, he ended up staying for half a year.
C. He told us that he would not stay long, but now it appears that his visit might last as long as six months.
D. He's always saying he'll only stay a short time, but the last time he visited us, he stayed for half a year.
5. I don't understand how you could have survived all those years in China without speaking a word of the language.
A. Now that you are moving to China, you had better begin to study the language since it will be difficult to survive without it.
B. It must have taken a lot of determination to go to a country as different as China without speaking any of the language at all.
C. Living in China for so long without learning any of the language, as you have done, is something beyond my imagination.
D. Chinese is so difficult that I understand you had to survive for a long time without speaking it while you learnt the basics.

6. A book interesting for one person can be neutral or even dull for another.
A. Tastes for the same book may differ from one person to another.
B. Just because I enjoy a book, it doesn't mean that everyone will.
C. Some people find those books which most readers enjoy very boring.
D. It is impossible to write a book that everyone will find interesting.
7. We were told that we should not travel to Iran, but I'm glad we didn't listen.
A. We should have listened to the people who told us not to go to Iran.
B. We should not have minded the advice of those who told us not to travel to Iran.
C. We just ignored the people who advised us against travelling to Iran.
D. We are happy to have gone to Iran despite being advised against it.
8. I was amazed that my ordinarily humourless boss could come up with such a hilarious joke.
A. It was so uncharacteristic of my boss to tell a really funny joke that I was thoroughly surprised.
B. My boss's jokes are usually funny, but this one was even funnier than usual.
C. Since my boss has such a great sense of humour, I was astounded to hear him tell such a bad joke.
D. If anyone can tell a good joke, then my normally stern and unsmiling boss can, too.
9. Not even a downpour would have prevented them from going on their hike.
A. It wasn't even pouring down when they postponed their hike.
B. They wouldn't have cancelled their hike even if it had rained heavily.
C. They didn't even attempt to go hiking when it started to rain.
D. It was only the torrential rain that stopped them from going hiking.
10. The haircut, combined with her new style of clothing, made her look years younger.
A. After having her hair cut, she started to wear stylish clothes.
B. Had she insisted on wearing the same clothes, she would not seem so young now.
C. She looked well below her age after the change in both her hair and the way she dressed
D. Even though her clothes were modern, she had an old-fashioned hair style until recently.
Number 11
Choose the sentence of the same meaning.

1. I remember Jane telling him about the meeting, even though he says she didn't.
A. He denies having told about the meeting, but I recall hearing Jane tell him about it.
B. He says that I didn't remember to tell Jane about the meeting, but I did.
C. I reminded Jane to tell him about the meeting, even if he claims she didn't do it.
D. I remember Jane, who told him about the meeting, but he says he doesn't.
2. Arguing with the boss has considerably reduced his chances of promotion.
A. He would definitely have been promoted by now if he hadn't quarrelled with the boss.
B. The likelihood of his being promoted has significantly decreased because of his arguments with the boss.
C. His promotion was certain until he had a dispute with the boss.
D. He argued with the boss about why he wasn't considered for promotion.
3. It was under a fortnight before his final exams when Jim began to regret not having studied sufficiently.
A. Although he worked hard for almost two weeks before the finals, Jim still didn't pass them.
B. Jim felt sorry because he hadn't done any work until two weeks before the final exams.
C. There was less than a fortnight's time before the finals, but Jim hadn't even started studying for them.
D. Jim started to wish, less than two weeks before he took them, that he had done more work for his finals.
4. It's no use talking to her because she'll do as she pleases whatever we say.
A. Nothing we can say will make her change her ways, so it's pointless for us to say anything.
B. It makes no difference who talks to her because she refuses to listen to either of us.
C. We've told her it's not important, and we don't need to say anything more about it.
D. She only cares about herself and never talks to either of us.
5. His giving in his resignation took his work colleagues completely by surprise.
A. He surprised all of his work colleagues by taking so long to resign.
B. According to his co-workers, his resigning from his job was completely unnecessary.
C. His co-workers hadn't expected him to resign from his job at all.
D. None of his work colleagues could understand the actual reason for his resignation.
6. Apart from being conveniently located near the beach, that hotel has nothing about it to make me recommend it to you.
A. The only feature of that hotel that I can recommend to you is that it's close to the beach.
B. The hotel I've recommended to you is very comfortable as it is near the beach.
C. As regards a hotel, nothing is more important for me than its being close to the beach.
D. The beach near that hotel doesn't have anything special that I can recommend to you.
7. For reason of hygiene, it's forbidden to try on the earrings in the jewellery department.
A. Customers who care for hygiene are advised in the jewellery department not to try on any earrings.
B. Earrings are considered unhygienic and so forbidden for sale in this jewellery department.
C. Because it is not hygienic, customers in the jewellery department are not allowed to try on the earrings.
D. Being hygienic in the jewellery department is the decision of the customer and not the management.
8. Sometimes having professional assistance with your CV can increase yout chances of finding a job.
A. Having your CV professionally prepared determines whether you'll get the job or not.
B. The prospects for finding employment can possibly be enhanced by a professionally-produced CV.
C. Having a professional help you with your CV is a sure way to find a job.
D. Without a professional CV, it is impossible to find a job.
9. The sound of our voices was completely drowned by the roar of the machinery.
A. We tried hard to hear each other above the deafening machines.
B. We knew that the machines would drown out our conversation, so we didn't try to speak.
C. Because the machines were so deafening, our voices seemed rather faint.
D. The machines were making such a loud noise that we couldn't hear each other.
10. She never lets her daughter participate in an activity unless it is under the supervision of an aldult.
A. She always takes her daughter to activities which are supervised by grown-ups.
B. As long as she herself is present at the activity, she permits her daughter to join in.
C. The only activities in which she allows her daughter to take part are those watched over by a grown-up.
D. If an older person is in attendance, she usually agrees to her daughter's participation in activities.
Number 12
Choose the sentence of the same meaning.

1. Considering this shop is the most expensive in town, the quality of its products is of a very low standard.
A. The products of this shop are considered to be very low quality, yet it is among the most expensive shops in town.
B. Because of the high standard of its products, this shop is the one with the highest prices in town.
C. Among the town's most expensive ones, this shop is renowned for the high standard of its products.
D. One would expect higher quality products from this shop as it is more expensive than all the others in town.
2. There was far two much evidence to the contrary for the judge to believe his story.
A. The judge believed his story because it presented so much information in his own favour.
B. The proof against him was not sufficient for the judge to convict him.
C. The facts presented against him were so overwhelming that the judge discounted his story.
D. While the judge wanted to believe his story, there was just not enough evidence to support it.
3. Not all societies share the same ideas on family life and the correct way to raise children.
A. Attitudes towards family life and chidren's education vary according to the society one is in.
B. The role of the family and methods of bringing up children are changing in society.
C. The accepted ideas in one society about raising children may be unacceptable in another.
D. Societies have different attitudes about family life and how children should be brought up.
4. The price of the blouse was too tempting for me to resist buying it.
A. I couldn't resist buying the blouse despite the fact that it was too expensive.
B. I ended up buying the blouse as it was such a bargain.
C. I had enough money on me to buy the blouse, so I decided to get it.
D. I bought the blouse because it was just what I was looking for.
5. The more I hear about him, the less I want to meet him.
A. Each time I'm told something else about that man, my desire to meet him decreases.
B. People keep telling me things about him, and so I've decided never to meet him.
C. I don't know why people talk about that man so much, as I've met him and have little to say about him.
D. I had wanted to meet the man, but now I know so much about him that I don't think it's necessary.
6. Although London is far from being an unpolluted city, the problem isn't as bad as it used to be.
A. Compared to its situation in the past, these days there is hardly any pollution in London.
B. London is undoubtedly still polluted, but it's less of a problem because people are accustomed to it now.
C. London isn't as polluted as it was in the past, in fact, the pollution problem has been solved.
D. While the problem definitely hasn't disappeared, there is less pollution in London nowadays.
7. Any health benefits gained by eating meat are far outweighed by the hazards of doing so.
A. Though meat can be unhealthy, it's even more unhealthy to avoid eating it.
B. Consuming animal flesh can harm you, but it's still an essential source of nutrition.
C. Eating meat may promote health in some ways, but harms it in many more.
D. In order to be healthy, it's important to eat meat despite potential health risks.
8. I must admit this is the most spectacular view I've ever seen during my extensive travels.
A. So far on this journey, we've seen a lot of beautiful places, but this one is by far the most attractive.
B. I've travelled quite a lot in my life, and admittedly, have never seen such a breathtaking view as this.
C. I can't but remark that the reason why I travel so extensively is not to miss such marvellous places as this one.
D. I don't think we'll ever encounter a more beautiful view in our lives than this, since it is so breathtaking.
9. It seems to me that his real identity will always remain a secret.
A. I don't think anyone will ever know who he actually was.
B. The truth about him should never be told to anyone.
C. I think that he kept his genuine identity hidden from me.
D. He has kept quite about himself and will never reveal anything to me.Such a major operation as this has proved completely successful in very few cases.
10. Such a major operation as this has proved completely successful in very few cases.
A. In addition to this one, they have been significantly successful in a few operations before.
B. There aren't many cases in which an important operation like this has been fully successful.
C. This case is the first one in which an important operation has been successfully accomplished.
D. They have performed very successful operations on several occasions in cases similar to this.

Number 13
Choose the sentence of the same meaning.

1. Of the members, half were for the proposal and half were against.
A. Many member didn't agree with the proposal, but some did.
B. None of the members could agree whether to accept or reject the proposal.
C. Half of the members were chosen for the project, but those who weren't objected to it.
D. The number of members who favoured the proposal was equal to the number who opposed it.
2. Naturally, a person prefers to make friends with people who accept him as he is.
A. It's natural for one to choose friends from those who won't criticize the way one is.
B. If a person doesn't like you the way you are, then you shouldn't form a friendship with him.
C. The selection of one's friends usually comes from those with the same personalities as one's own.
D. It isn't natural to choose friends from those who behave unacceptably.
3. The bag you want is more or less the same price as the one I offered you.
A. The bag you offered was more expensive than the one I wanted.
B. The bag I want will cost me less than the one you offered.
C. There isn't much different in price between the bag you want and the one I offered you.
D. The difference between the bag you wanted and the one I suggested was just in their prices, they were otherwise almost the same.
4. Despite his seeming control over nature, there are still some points where man remains helpless against her.
A. Man is defenceless against nature, because he cannot have any influence on her.
B. Although man has an apparent control over nature, he hasn't fully conquered her yet.
C. Man believes he has complete control over nature, but in many respects, this isn't so.
D. Even though man can affect her, in many areas nature still does things better.
5. The fatigue we usually feel after a long journey becomes keener when we fly over different time zones.
A. We normally experience fatifue on a long flight only when we cross time zones.
B. Generally people feel exhausted when crossing time zones, but it is not a serious ailment.
C. Flying over different time zones usually causes certain ailments which may take a long time to recover from.
D. Crossing time zones increases fatigue, which is a normal experience on a long flight.
6. Susan wishes she had bought the car when she had first seen it because when she went back later, it had been sold.
A. Susan regreted not buying the car the first time she saw it, as by the time she returned later on, someone else had already bought it.
B. If the car hadn't already been sold the first time Susan laid eyes on it, she would have definitely bought it.
C. Susan wanted to buy the car when she saw it for the first time because she knew that if she came back later, it might have been sold by them.
D. Susan really wishes that the car she decided to buy the moment she saw it had not already been sold to someone else.
7. They must have left for their holiday to Dover because their car is not where it is normally parked in the parking lot.
A. Their car is still out there in the the parking lot, so they can't have left for their holiday in Dover yet.
B. If they had left for their vacation to Dover, the car would still be parked it its usual place.
C. Id they hadn't left for their vacation to Dover, their car would be in its usual place in the car park.
D. They were planning to go to Dover for their holiday, so that is perhaps why their car isn't in the parking lot.
8. If Russia didn't have such strict visa regulations, more people would be able to visit the country and see the beautiful cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg.
A. Because of Russia's rigid visa regulations, fewer people are able to take a holiday in that country and observe the lovely cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg.
B. Russian people wish that their visa regulations were looser, so that more visitors would be able to come to the great cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg.
C. The charming cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg have been visited by more foreign tourists since Russia loosened its tough visa rules.
D. More and more people are travelling to Russia, despite the tight visa regulations, to see the amazing cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg.
9. If the driver of the Mercedes hadn't drunk so much, the fatal collision with the school minibus wouldn't have happened.
A. The driver of the Mercedes hadn't actually drunk too much when he happened to crash disastrously into the school minibus.
B. If the school minibus hadn't crashed into the Mercedes in a bloody accident, the driver, who was actually drunk, wouldn't have been killed.
C. The school minibus wouldn't have hit the Mercedes if its driver hadn't been so drunk, and no one would have been killed.
D. The deadly crash between the school minibus and the Mercedes was drunk.
10. Passengers arriving in Paris by plane catch their first glimpse of the city as they are flying over the Eiffel Tower.
A. When people arrive in Paris by plane, they must first fly over the Eiffel Tower.
B. The Eiffel Tower provides people arriving in Paris on a plane with their first view of the city as they fly overhead.
C. The Eiffel Tower is the sight which first greets visitors to Paris, but only when they arrive by plane.
D. Passengers get a glimpse of the Eiffel Tower as they are flying over Paris on their way out of the airport.